Developing your philosophical stance as a PhD student: A case study

Authors

  • Damian Castanelli Monash University, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v25i2.831

Keywords:

knowledge; research design; education; methods; trends

Abstract

Developing your philosophical stance can be daunting for new PhD candidates in health professional education. Contemplating the diversity of worldviews in the social sciences may be confronting for those of us from a biomedical background who are unfamiliar with the concepts and unused to metaphysical reflection. However, we need to explore the literature and reflect on our own underlying beliefs to maintain the cohesion of our research. Philosophical stance is generally taken to mean ontology and epistemology, or “what is real” and “how we know what we know”, so developing your philosophical stance involves clarifying your beliefs about the nature of reality and knowledge. Our philosophical stance will influence our research design, practice and reporting. If we are unaware or uncertain of our philosophical stance, we risk misalignment, which will detract from our research claims and undermine their impact. Our philosophical stance is, thus, crucial for ourselves and our audience. This article presents a case study of how my philosophical stance developed over my candidature. I share it to provide insights for others contemplating the same journey. In particular, this paper acknowledges and normalises how understanding and articulating that stance evolved over time.

References

Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Anchor Books.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles methods and practices. USF Open Access Textbooks Collection, Book 3.https://doi.org/10.26192/q7w89

Billett, S. (1996). Constructing vocational knowledge: History, communities and ontogeny. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 48(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363682960480203

Billett, S. (1998). Appropriation and ontogeny: Identifying compatibility between cognitive and sociocultural contributions to adult learning and development. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 17(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260137980170103

Billett, S. (2001). Co-participation: Affordance and engagement at work. New Directions for Adults and Continuing Education, 92(Winter), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.41

Billett, S. (2009). Conceptualizing learning experiences: Contributions and mediations of the social, personal, and brute. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 16(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749030802477317

Billett, S. (Ed.). (2010). Learning through practice (Vol. 1). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3939-2

Billett, S. (2016). Learning through health care work: Premises, contributions and practices. Medical Education, 50(1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12848

Bleakley, A., Bligh, J., & Browne, J. (2011). Medical education for the future: Identity, power and location. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9692-0

Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The craft of research: Chicago guides to writing, editing, and publishing (3rd ed.). The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226062648.001.0001

Brown, M. E. L., & Duenas, A. N. (2020). A medical science educator's guide to selecting a research paradigm: Building a basis for better research. Medical Science Educator, 30(1), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00898-9

Castanelli, D. J., Jowsey, T., Chen, Y., & Weller, J. M. (2016). Perceptions of purpose, value, and process of the mini-clinical evaluation exercise in anesthesia training. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 63(12), 1345–1356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0740-9

Castanelli, D. J., Moonen-van Loon, J. M. W., Jolly, B., & Weller, J. M. (2019). The reliability of a portfolio of workplace-based assessments in anesthesia training. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 66, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-018-1251-7

Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (Second ed.). Sage.

Chilisa, B., & Kawulich, B. (2012). Selecting a research approach: Paradigm, methodology and methods. In C. Wagner, B. Kawulich, & M. Garner (Eds.), Doing social research: A global context (pp. 51–61). McGraw Hill.

Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. Allen & Unwin. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003115700

Denniston, C. (2023). Sharpening reflexive practice in health professional education research. Focus on Health Professional Education, 24(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v24i1.734

Dreyfus, H. L., & Dreyfus, S. E. (1986). Five steps from novice to expert. In Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer (pp. 16–51). The Free Press. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEX.1987.4307079

Edge, J., & Richards, K. (1998). May I see your warrant, please? Justifying outcomes in qualitative research. Applied Linguistics, 19, 334–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/19.3.334

Foucault, M. (1982). Afterword: The subject and power. In H. F. Dreyfus & P. Rainbow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208–226). The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315835259

Kemmis, S. (2019). A practice sensibility. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9539-1

Kinnear, B., Beck, J., Schumacher, D. J., Zhou, C., & Balmer, D. (2024). Building a solid house of scholarship: The importance of foundational worldviews. Hospital Pediatrics, 14(3), e189–e193. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2023-007515

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2013). The constructivist credo. Left Coast Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315418810

Liu, C. H., & Matthews, R. (2005). Vygotsky’s philosophy: Constructivism and its criticisms examined. International Education Journal, 6, 386–399.

McMillan, W. (2023). Theory in health professions education research: The importance of worldview. In J. Cleland & S. J. Durning (Eds.), Researching medical education (pp. 15–23). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119839446.ch2

Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R., Jr. (2020). The positivism paradigm of research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093

Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2016). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Sage.

Schwandt, T. A. (2000). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretivism, hermeneutics and social constructionism. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 189–213). Sage.

Schwandt, T. A. (2015). The SAGE dictionary of qualitative inquiry (4th ed.). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483398969

Stetsenko, A. (2017). The transformative mind: Expanding Vygotsky’s approach to development and education. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511843044

Tai, J., & Ajjawi, R. (2016). Undertaking and reporting qualitative research. Clinical Teacher, 13, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12552

Varpio, L., & MacLeod, A. (2020). Philosophy of science series: Harnessing the multidisciplinary edge effect by exploring paradigms, ontologies, epistemologies, axiologies, and methodologies. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 686–689. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003142

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society (Edited by M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4

Vygotsky, L. S. (1997a). The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky. Volume 3: Problems of the theory and history of psychology (Edited by R.W. Rieber & J. Wollock). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5893-4

Vygotsky, L. S. (1997b). The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky. Volume 4: The history of the development of higher mental functions (Edited by R. W. Rieber). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5939-9

Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932

Young, M. E., & Ryan, A. (2020). Postpositivism in health professions education scholarship. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 695–699. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003089

Downloads

Published

2024-06-28

How to Cite

Castanelli, D. (2024). Developing your philosophical stance as a PhD student: A case study. Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal, 25(2), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v25i2.831

Issue

Section

Focus on Methodology